Journal Title: Idlib University Research Journal Issue: Two issues annually DOI: https://doi.org/10.66247/mjmkew57 ISSN: 2790-2374 Year of Publication: 2021 Editor-in-Chief: Professor Dr. Fouad Al-Daoud Publisher: Idlib University Publication Language: Arabic and English Indexed Databases: CrossMark, Google Scholar, ICI Index, Semantic Scholar Indexing Database: CrossRef, CrossMark, ICI World of Journals, Google Scholar, ICI World of Journals, Semantic Scholar, Open Alex Links: CrossRef: https://search.crossref.org/search/works?q=2790-2374&from_ui=yes CrossMark: https://www.crossref.org/services/crossmark/ ICI World of Journals: https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/details?id=136257 Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Researches+journal+of+Idlib+University&btnG= Semantic Scholar: https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Research%20Journal%20of%20Idlib%20University&sort=relevance Open Alex: https://openalex.org/sources/S7407056309
تحليل الكفاءة الداخلية: التحديات، واستراتيجيات التحسين "دراسة حالة- جامعة إدلب"
تناول هذا البحث دراسة الكفاءة الداخلية لكليات جامعة إدلب والتي بلغ عددها 16 كلية، وذلك بغية قياس مستوى الكفاءة الداخلية الذي تتمتع به هذه الكليات، وتحديد الكليات التي تتمتع بكفاءة داخلية مرتفعة مقارنة مع باقي الكليات في الجامعة. اتبع هذا البحث المنهج الوصفي لرصد أداء كليات جامعة إدلب منذ افتتاحها في عام 2015 ولغاية اليوم، والوصول إلى نتائج وتعميمات تساعد في فهم واقع الكفاءة والأداء وتطويره، واعتمد أسلوب الدراسات المسحية كأحد أساليب هذا المنهج، إذ تُجمع البيانات وتُحلل وتُفسير ويُقرر الوضع الراهن لموضوع الكفاءة في كليات جامعة إدلب المدروسة. توصل البحث إلى نتائج مفادها بأن كليات الاقتصاد والآداب والهندسة الزراعية كانت نشيطة من حيث العمل البحثي والنشر الأكاديمي، وتميزت بالكفاءة النسبية المرتفعة في مجال النشر البحثي، إذ كان معامل الكفاءة لها يزيد عن الواحد. كذلك وكانت كانت نسب تخرج الطلاب في الكليات النظرية أكبر منها في باقي الكليات، إضافة إلى وجود فجوة كبيرة بين أعداد الباحثين سواءً كانوا طلاب دراسات عليا أو أساتذة جامعيين من حملة الماجستير والدكتوراة، وبين الأبحاث المقدمة والمنشورة بشكل سنوي.
A proposed Model for Using Fuzzy Logic Theory to Measure The Profit-Sharing Ratio Granted to Executives A case Study of White Room Company
This research studies and analyzes the validity of using a model to measure the profit sharing ratio granted to executives in addition to the fixed salary based on the theory of fuzzy logic in incentives granted to managers in the form of a fixed cash amount and a percentage of profit sharing calculated according to the theory of fuzzy logic, this research is considered an extension of accounting research in this field and offers development from two main angles: the first angle is represented by this research conducting a multiple evaluation of the results of using a model to measure the profit sharing ratio granted to executives with bonuses and incentives using the theory of fuzzy logic by calculating the profit sharing the profit ratio in addition to testing the models ability to focus managers attention on their primary responsivities in maximizing the wealth of the organization and managing the its assets with high efficiency that is well reflected in the credibility of the financial statements. The second angle is represented by clarifying the impact of debt conditions and forms on managements behavior when preparing financial reports.
Intertextuality in the Poetry of the Syrian Revolution
Intertextuality is one of the most prominent stylistic and artistic phenomena that has attracted the attention of scholars in modern criticism and sparked extensive theoretical and applied discussions, due to its capacity to open texts to mutual dialogue and unleash their semantic and aesthetic energies. The literary text is no longer perceived as a closed unit or a self-contained entity, but is instead understood within a network of interactive relationships that link it to other texts, whether preceding or contemporary, in a clear manifestation of the dynamism of language and its renewal in intertwined creative contexts. This study focuses on examining intertextuality in the poetry of the Syrian revolution as a form of resistance discourse rich in religious, historical, and literary allusions.
Arbitration in Marital Dissolution Due to Legitimate Excuses in Islamic Jurisprudence and Syrian Law
Islam has safeguarded all types of contracts, urging Muslims to uphold the rights of others embedded within them. It prohibits deception, fraud, and the concealment of defects in contractual agreements. Among these contracts, the marriage contract holds a distinct status. Allah Almighty forbade the pre-Islamic practices imposed upon women, such as casting a garment over her to claim her in marriage or preventing her from marrying until death so she could be inherited. Islam commands that a husband treats his wife with kindness, avoiding harm, conflict, and vulgarity. The Almighty also forbids all forms of injustice against women, including taking back the dowry given to them or failing to fulfill their rightful entitlements. Depriving a woman of her rights is described as slander and oppression. However, affection and mercy between spouses may not always endure, and harm or discord may arise, instigated by Satan. Some husbands resort to mistreatment, neglect, financial abandonment, or inflict harm through absence—whether due to travel, imprisonment, disappearance—or through verbal abuse, humiliation, neglect, and estrangement. In some cases, repulsive illnesses may occur. This raises a critical question: What should a woman do in such circumstances?
Recycling Earthquake Rubble in Idlib: Evaluation of Properties and Its Use Road Construction
Studies on recycling earthquake rubble for use in road applications are of great importance in the field of civil engineering. These studies aim to assess the properties of these materials and determine their suitability for use in road infrastructure applications. The study includes several different tests that evaluate characteristics potentially affecting the performance of these materials. These include the Los Angeles abrasion test to assess resistance to wear and degradation, the sand equivalent test to evaluate the suitability of aggregates for base layers, and the particle size distribution (gradation) test.Several samples of aggregate mixtures produced by crushing earthquake debris from different locations — such as Idlib, Ariha, and Jisr al-Shughur — were evaluated and compared with a standard sample of crushed limestone aggregates obtained from a certified quarry in northwestern Syria, in order to assess the suitability of these materials.It was found that some recycled materials exhibit acceptable values and meet the required standards, while others require further study to ensure their quality. The results showed that the abrasion values of the samples from the three sites exceed the permissible limits for aggregates used in road surface layers. However, these materials can be used in sub-base layers, albeit with certain precautions. Therefore, it is not recommended to use recycled materials from these three locations in layer of roads.
Contemporary Economic Crime, Its Forms and Islamic Legal Punishments
This study addresses the topic of contemporary economic crime from a jurisprudential perspective, considering it one of the most serious challenges affecting the stability of societies and their financial and social systems. The research is based on the jurisprudential, evidential, and analytical methodology, relying on the texts of the Qur’an and the Sunnah, the opinions of the four major Islamic schools of law, and relevant legal-theoretical and maqāṣid (objectives of Sharia) principles related to the protection of wealth. The study provides a precise Islamic legal definition of economic crime, uncovers its jurisprudential roots and historical development, and examines its most prominent contemporary manifestations such as electronic theft, financial fraud, money laundering, and digital crimes. It also explains the system of Islamic legal punishments, both Hadd punishments (fixed) and Taʿzīr punishments (discretionary), emphasizing that one of the most distinctive features of Islamic law is its combination of deterrence, justice, and consideration of higher objectives. Finally, the study outlines the preventive and corrective measures of Islamic legislation in addressing economic crime, which are based on religious conscience, economic justice, Sharia oversight, and moral education—making the Islamic system uniquely capable of confronting economic crimes with flexibility, comprehensiveness, and effectiveness.
Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa (Objectives of Islamic Law)
The Accuracy of the Triangular Method in Digitizing Small Cadastral Parcels: A Study of Area Deviations and the Impact of Scale (1:500 as a Case Study)
Within the framework of digital transformation and the reconstruction of Syria’s cadastral infrastructure after 2025, this study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the Triangulation Method in digitizing small cadastral parcels, in recognition of the importance of this property category in documenting ownership and resolving community disputes. The research is based on an applied study conducted on three cadastral maps from different cadastral areas within Idlib Governorate. A sample of old paper maps was selected and digitized using AutoCAD Raster Design software. The georeferencing process was performed using Ground Control Points (GCPs), and accuracy indicators—including the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Standard Deviation (SD)—were computed to estimate spatial deviations between paper records and digital outputs. The results indicated that deviations did not exceed 2% in small parcels, confirming the effectiveness of AutoCAD Raster Design, when employing the Triangulation Method, in correcting paper distortions and preserving the geometric integrity of land parcels. These findings affirm that adopting the Triangulation Method for the digitization of small cadastral parcels constitutes a precise and reliable scientific approach that can be generalized to similar Syrian villages, thereby enhancing the overall quality of digital cadastral records.
The Impact of Accounting Conservatism on the Cost of Capital:A Case Study of Industrial Companies Listed on the Qatar Stock Exchange
This study aims to investigate the impact of accounting conservatism on the cost of capital in industrial companies listed on the Qatar Stock Exchange. To achieve this objective, the researcher used a descriptive approach to analyze the published financial data of nine industrial companies listed on the Qatari stock market during the period from 2019 to 2023. The researcher also applied several statistical analysis methods, including multiple regression and panel data models. The study’s results indicated that most companies follow clear accounting conservatism policies, with noticeable variation in the degree of conservatism across companies and periods. Furthermore, the results confirmed a statistically significant inverse relationship between accounting conservatism and the cost of capital, whereby conservatism reduces information risk and lowers financing costs through decreasing risk premiums and borrowing costs.
“The Legal-Religious Implications of Considering Land Registration as a Constitutive Cause of Ownership”
This study explores the jurisprudential implications of the Real Estate Registry Law after the fall of the regime, through a comparative analysis between Islamic jurisprudence and Syrian law. The central research problem addresses the question: Does real estate registration constitute an independent cause of ownership, or is it merely a documentation tool for establishing property rights? Moreover, what is the Sharia ruling on the errors and violations that resulted from the implementation of this law under previous regimes? The research adopts an analytical, doctrinal, and comparative methodology, by investigating Islamic legal sources and classical juristic opinions, in parallel with the provisions of Syrian real estate legislation, and by examining its practical applications in land survey and registration. The study concludes that real estate registration, if mandated by the ruler for the sake of public interest, is a legitimate regulatory mechanism for documentation but does not alter the essence of Sharia-based ownership. Furthermore, errors in registration processes are to be borne by the public treasury (Bayt al-Māl), while individuals retain the right to claim fair compensation.
Improving the structural and electrochemical properties of the passive active material in graphene-enhanced lead-acid accumulators
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of adding graphene with different concentrations ranging from (0.05-0.2) % by weight to the negative active material in lead-acid batteries, and conducted a series of electrochemical tests to evaluate the performance, including measuring the discharge capacity, electrical efficiency, and internal resistance, during 24 cycles of charging and discharging. Also, the X-ray diffraction pattern analysis of LAB2 sample containing 0.1% Graphene before loading process (D2) and after 24 cycles of loading and unloading. (D8). The results showed a significant improvement in the overall performance of graphene-supported deposits, as the purity of the sample containing 0.15% of graphene (LAB3) performed best. The record of this sample is the high discharge capacity, and stability in the voltage during the high operation containers, in addition to the minimum internal resistance of 29mΩ over the cycles. Also, the graphene sample with a concentration of 0.2% achieved the highest energy efficiency of 86.98% compared to the efficiency recorded in the reference sample (LAB0) which exceeded 74.82%. And the X-ray results showed that Pbo reacts with H2SO4 during discharge and the formation of PbSO4 crystals during charging to mineral lead, and the results of the structural study show that the average crystal size of sample D8 is 33.51 nm, which indicates a relative stability in the volume of crystals compared to sample D2, where the average crystal size is 33.95 nm. These results support the hypothesis that graphene is a promising material to enhance the electrochemical and structural properties of lead-acid batteries.
Hajj Procession Poetry in the Ottoman Era
Muslims throughout the world, from the East to the West, throb with love for the holy sites. They yearn to visit them and long to perform the Hajj. The Hajj processions in the Ottoman era are one of the most important phenomena reflecting the organizational, religious, and social aspects of Hajj. These processions included large groups of pilgrims, marching under the supervision of the Ottoman authorities. They were well-equipped to ensure the pilgrims' safety and comfort during the journey. This was not only a means of traveling to the holy sites; they also represented Islamic culture and social relations of the era. This type of poetry was associated with the processions that traveled from various Islamic cities to Mecca, and was an opportunity to embody the religious and spiritual feelings felt by pilgrims on their way to the Sacred House. The poet describes the road, the difficulties faced by the pilgrims, the stations they passed through, as well as the beauty of the holy sites and the honor of reaching them. Hajj processional poetry is a means of conveying a vivid image of the pilgrims' journey, often embellished with rhetorical devices that reflect the artistic creativity of poets of that era.
Effect of dietary supplementation of Prunus Mahaleb fruit powder on carcass characteristics of broiler chickens
chicken (Ross 308), and aimed to study the effect of adding different levels of mahaleb fruit powder (Prunus Mahaleb) on carcass indicators and some internal organs and intestines in broiler chickens. The chicks were randomly distributed into three experimental groups with three replicates for each group, as follows: the control group T1 without any addition, the second group T2 had mahaleb fruit powder added to the feed mixture at a rate of (2%), and the third group T3 had it added at a rate of (4%). The results showed that adding mahaleb fruit powder to the feed mixture for broiler chickens at a rate of (2%) at the age of (26) days led to a significant increase in the relative wing weight (P<0.05). While adding it at a rate of (4%) at the age of (46) days led to a significant increase in the relative spleen weight and the length of the large intestine (P<0.05). On the other hand, the addition of 2% and 4% mahlab powder did not show any significant differences (P>0.05) in the relative weights of thigh, liver, gizzard, and navel of Fabricius, as well as the length of the small intestine at 26 and 46 days of age of the experimental birds.
Academic Performance Standards Evaluation by Using the Hierarchical analysis Process(AHP)
This research aimed to study the evaluation of academic performance standards for teachers in the faculties of Idlib University, where the number of teaching and technical staff members reached 292 teachers. The aim was to identify the academic performance standards that are of greatest interest to the university's faculty members, as well as to determine the percentage of each of the studied standards (quality of teaching, performance and research activity, academic supervision, community service, competence and professional development). This was carried out by the hierarchical analysis method. The necessary data for the study were collected through a questionnaire designed for this purpose and was distributed the members of the studied sample. This research used the descriptive approach to monitor and follow up the academic performance of faculty members at Idlib University, and to obtain results and generalizations that help in understanding the reality of academic performance and ways to develop it. This approach collects, analyzes, interprets data, and reports the current status of academic performance indicators in the faculties of Idlib University studied. The research concluded that the use of the analytical hierarchy method measuring the efficiency of academic performance of faculty members. It was found that the highest relative importance was for the standard of teaching quality, and the standards of both academic supervision and research activity had medium importance. As for the standards (professional development - community service - administrative tasks), was low.
The Morphological Semantics of Syrian Revolutionary Poetry
The morphological level holds a distinguished position in linguistic and literary studies due to its great importance in constructing and guiding meaning. Morphological forms go beyond mere linguistic expression to contribute to the shaping and deepening of meaning, particularly in poetic texts. A poet’s selection of one form over another is not arbitrary; rather, it reflects an artistic vision aimed at generating meaning and expanding the horizons of interpretation. In Syrian revolutionary poetry, poets skillfully employed morphological structures to intensify and direct meaning in accordance with contextual demands. Thus, the significance of studying morphological semantics in Syrian revolutionary poetry becomes evident—not as a purely linguistic aspect only, but as an artistic tool charged with meaning, emotion, and vision. This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, observing morphological phenomena in selected examples from Syrian revolutionary poetry and analyzing them within their artistic and semantic contexts. It highlights the semantic potential these forms possess in shaping poetic vision and constructing meaning.
Lepton Flavor Violation of Z Gauge Boson Decays in Supersymmetric Type-I Seesaw Model
In this study, we investigate the lepton flavor violation (LFV) of Z gauge boson decaying into two different flavor charged leptons ( , and ). This work is performed in the framework of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM) which is extended by the type-I seesaw mechanism. By considering constraints from the current experimental bounds on neutrino and supersymmetric particle masses, we calculate the branching ratios of the LFV of Z boson decays. The numerical results are found to be for both the and decay channels and for the channel. After applying the constraints from the experimental bounds on the radiative two body decays ( ), the branching ratios of the LFV of Z boson decays get an additional suppression of for the and decay channels and for the channel. Our prediction of the branching ratios is several orders of magnitude below the current experimental bounds.
The Relationship between Istihsan and Specification of the Illah *(A Usul al-Fiqh Study)*
The research examines the definition of istihsan both linguistically and technically. Additionally, It discusses the debate among scholars about its validity as a legal proof, as well as its various types. Further, it proceeds to study *taḫṣīṣ al-‘illah*, (Specification of the Cause), defining it both linguistically and technically, and exploring its relationship with *istihsan* along with the scholars' perspectives on this matter. The research employed an inductive and analytical methodology, tracing the various aspects of the topic through an exhaustive review of scholarly material and jurists' opinions on the matter, followed by an analysis of the relationship between these concepts and its nature
Evaluation of Total Oxidative Stress Markers (TAS, TOS, OSI) in Hypertension and Their Association with Gender
Hypertension contributes to elevated levels of oxidative stress, which in turn exacerbates its symptoms and complications. This study aimed to evaluate global oxidative–antioxidative balance indicators—total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI)—in patients with essential hypertension compared with healthy individuals. The results showed a statistically significant increase in both TOS and OSI among hypertensive patients compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05), whereas TAS values did not differ significantly between the two groups (p > 0.05). Significant gender-related differences were also observed within the hypertensive group, with TOS and OSI levels being higher in males than in females, while TAS values remained within a similar range. These findings indicate that male patients with hypertension exhibit a higher oxidative burden, which may reflect a compensatory antioxidant response in females.
Applications of Istihsan in Hanbali Jurisprudence in the Chapters on Criminal Law *(A Practical Usul al-Fiqh Study)*
The research examines the definition of *istihsan* both linguistically and technically, and discovers the debate among jurists about its validity as a legal proof. Further, it delves into the issues where Hanbali scholars have used *istihsan* as evidence in criminal law matters, aiming to apply it to a contemporary legal case. The research employed an inductive and analytical methodology, tracing the various aspects of the topic through an exhaustive review of scholarly material and jurists' opinions on relevant issues by analyzing them and examining the evidence provided. The researcher also attempted to follow jurists' approach in applying *istihsan* to a contemporary issue
Studying the Possibility of Using Construction Waste to Produce New Concrete and Using Waste in Roads Pavement Design and Studying the Effect of Adding Steel Wires on its Resistance (RCA
The main aim of this research is to study the possible use of recycled fine aggregate made from related to construction and demolition (C&D) waste to substitute partially for the natural sand used in the production of cement and sand bricks and paving blocks of Road. On the other hand, the total replacement of recycled aggregate at rates of 25, 50, 75, and 100% resulted in a decrease in resistance by 16.8, 27, 34.8, and 40.7%, In our study, we used fibers with a length of 30-60 mm, We considered the reference sample to be the one with a 50% replacement ratio, and added wires of two different lengths (30-60 mm) and different volumetric ratios (1-1.5-2-2.5%). These samples were compared to reference samples without wires and with a 50% replacement ratio. Concrete reinforced with steel fibers extracted from used car tires showed good results. The characteristic compressive strength value of concrete with 3 cm wires increased by 4.15% at a 1.5% wire ratio, while the increase in strength reached 13% at a 2% wire ratio. Concrete with 6 cm wires increased by 4.15% at a 1.5% wire ratio, and the increase in strength reached 17.52%.
Structural Analysis of Locally Frepared Lead Oxide and Graphene Via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
This study presents a practical approach for the synthesis and characterization of two significant materials: lead oxide and graphene, prepared from local sources using low-cost laboratory techniques. Lead oxide was extracted from used lead-acid batteries through a ball-milling method, and its crystalline structure was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Graphene, on the other hand, was prepared via electrochemical exfoliation of commercial pencil leads using sodium sulfate electrolyte. The XRD analysis confirmed the presence of pure graphite phases along with traces of residual electrolyte. The findings highlight the feasibility of producing structurally viable materials for energy applications using accessible, low-resource techniques, thus offering promising pathways for sustainable material development in developing regions.
Business Incubators in Northwest Syria and the Possibility of Financing Them Through Zakat
This research seeks to examine the reality of business incubators in northwest Syria and to explore the feasibility of financing them through zakat funds, considering zakat as a developmental instrument that contributes to economic empowerment and the alleviation of poverty and unemployment. The study adopts both descriptive and analytical methodologies and incorporates field interviews and structured questionnaires directed at incubator administrators and entrepreneurship trainers operating in the region. Business incubators began to emerge tangibly in northwest Syria following the year 2015, primarily supported by humanitarian organizations. They have come to represent an alternative to conventional relief-based interventions. The findings indicate a favorable orientation among incubator stakeholders toward utilizing zakat funds to support productive ventures. The study establishes a positive correlation between such utilization and the enhancement of income among the poor, the reduction of unemployment rates, and the stimulation of local economic activity. Despite the occasional absence of physical premises, incubators in the region have demonstrated a significant role in nurturing small-scale enterprises through the "virtual incubator" model. The research affirms that directing zakat funds toward these incubators may constitute a sustainable developmental paradigm, contingent upon adherence to Sharia-compliant frameworks and sound economic governance. The study concludes a set of recommendations, foremost among them: reinforcing the institutional capacity of business incubators, advocating for their financing through zakat, and promoting scholarly and jurisprudential engagement with this emerging developmental approach.
"New Chromatographic Analytical Conditions for the Separation and Determination of a Standard Mixture of Phytosterols"
This research aims to develop a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method and validate its suitability for the separation and identification of a mixture of phytosterols, which are key components of food and herbal products known for their beneficial effects in managing hyperlipidemia. Chromatographic analysis was performed using a Thermo Hypersil™ RP C8 HPLC column (250 × 4.6 mm I.D.) and 5 µm particle size. A mixture of (Acetonitrile:Water) in a ratio of (80:20)% was used as the mobile phase under isocratic elution conditions, with a flow rate of 1.8 mL/min at a temperature of 45°C and 20 μL as an injection volume. The chromatograms were recorded at 195 nm using Diode Array Detector (DAD). Validation of the method was evaluated based on linearity, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ), according to the guidelines of the International conference on Harmonization (ICH). This reliable method ensures high accuracy and a rapid sample preparation process for the precise determination of sterol content in food products, herbal formulations, and vegetable oil, facilitating quality, safety, and efficacy monitoring, all within an analysis time of no more than 23 minutes.
This study deals with: the definition of the incident as well as the definition of lineage, as I studied some contemporary issues related to lineage that were not addressed by the ancient jurists, due to their non-existence in their era. Therefore, I studied three contemporary incidents, The first issue: The ruling on establishing lineage through artificial insemination after the husband’s death. I mentioned the concept of this issue, and the difference between whether this insemination occurred during the woman’s waiting period from her husband or after the waiting period ended, and I touched upon the ruling on the two previous cases. Then I mentioned the statements of the jurists regarding the establishment of the lineage of this child who was conceived in his mother’s womb after the death of his father. Then I moved on to the second issue: the issue of surrogacy. I described this issue and gave a clear conception of it. Then I returned to the texts of the ancient jurists to find an origin for this issue. I found some jurists who spoke about the issue of a woman inserting a man’s semen, then I adapted this issue from a jurisprudential perspective, and I mentioned the opinions of contemporary scholars regarding the ruling on forms of renting a woman’s womb, with discussion and preference between the opinions. Then I moved on to study the third issue, which is: the issue of giving precedence to genetic fingerprinting over cursing when denying lineage. I defined and described fingerprinting medically, then I mentioned the jurisprudential ruling on the permissibility of giving precedence to genetic fingerprinting over cursing. This study included two aspects: The first aspect: The ruling on the previous cases regarding permissibility and prohibition, and whether the child's lineage is established based on the previous cases.
Murder between spouses: Forms and Provisions. The
This study deals with most of the forms of murder that occur between spouses in contemporary reality: murder by magic and murder in collaboration with others, such as the wife’s complicity with her lover in killing her husband, and murder by treachery by luring the husband to an empty place, or killing him while he is asleep, or killing him while he is taking a shower, as well as the husband killing his wife in several ways, such as killing the wife with a firearm or stabbing her with a knife. After I mentioned these ways, I described them and then based the ruling on them, deriving that from the words of the previous jurists. Then she moved on to mention the original and alternative criminal punishment resulting from one spouse killing the other, including retaliation, blood money, and discretionary punishment. She also mentioned the cases in which retaliation is dropped for one of the spouses, such as if one of the spouses had a child.
Autobiographical Elements in Ibtisam Tracy’s Novels Between 2004 and 2017
This research addresses the presence of the autobiography in the novels of the Syrian writer Ibtisam Trissy, published between 2004 and 2017, and reveals the autobiographical components in the specified novelistic models, as they are the most important elements shaping her narrative world, where the real intermingles with the imaginary, the personal with the collective, and the individual with the national. The writer does not present her biography directly; rather, she reinterprets it through fictional characters and imagined events, which often allude to real events she experienced or to people who were part of her life. The study analyzed a number of novels, including: 'Ein Al-Shams', 'Ghawayat Al-Ma', 'Mudun Al-Yamam', 'La'nat Al-Kadmyoum', 'Al-Shari' 24 Shimalan', 'Salam Ila Al-Sama', and 'Banat Lahlouha'. It highlights the autobiographical components represented by the following contents: birth (its date and place), childhood, cultural formation, profession, political stance, motherhood, participation in the Syrian revolution, and displacement. These contents indicate that the writer reworked her autobiography in an indirect way, transforming personal experiences into artistic symbols through memory to express the human presence of the Syrian woman in the face of repressive reality and major social and political transformations.
The Role of Zakat in Developing Human Resources in Northwest Syria
This study explores the role of zakat in the development of human resources in Northwest Syria, presenting the foundational concepts of zakat and human development from both Islamic jurisprudential and economic perspectives. It highlights the experience of the Zakat General Authority in northwest Syria, tracing its evolution from 2019 to 2024. The research focuses on targeted programs such as “Zidni Ilman” (Increase Me in Knowledge), which supports higher education, and “Hayat” (Life), which strengthens the healthcare sector—both regarded as effective tools in addressing the root causes of poverty. The study reveals that only 10.68% of students benefited from the education program despite rising enrollment numbers, indicating a gap between available resources and growing needs. The study concludes that zakat plays a strategic role in human development, serving as a pathway out of poverty and a means to achieve sustainable development. It calls for expanding and enhancing this model to maximize its impact
Legal Rulings on Accountability for Acquisitions by Force A Comparative Jurisprudential Study
This study examines the rulings on “ghasb” (forced acquisition) in Islamic law, starting with its definition and distinguishing it from other violations such as theft, looting, and embezzlement, its consequences in terms of liability, and addresses the conditions under which these acquisitions are revoked—whether for “mithli” (fungible) or “qimi” (non-fungible) items—across the four major Sunni schools of thought.
Objectives of Sharia in Prohibiting Usury (Riba)
The researcher, through this study, aims to identify the general objectives of Islamic law (Maqasid al-Shariah) by defining them both linguistically and terminologically. The study also defines usury (riba) in language and terminology, and discusses the wisdoms and objectives that the Lawgiver intended to achieve through the prohibition of riba. It further explains the harms of riba on society from economic and social perspectives. In conclusion, the researcher arrives at a number of findings, the most important of which are: preventing injustice and establishing justice, encouraging the spirit of work while rejecting laziness and dependence, protecting society from economic crises, and clarifying the dangers of riba. The study concludes with a number of recommendations
The Festivals and Attire of the Christians of Najran from the Fifth Century AD Until Their Expulsion During the Era of Umar ibn Al-Khattab
Christian festivals emerged in Najran and varied in their occasions and timings. They were not of equal religious significance, thus they were divided into major and minor festivals, each with its specific timings and unique rituals. Additionally, the Christians of Najran were known for their distinctive clothing and garments, which were characterized by specific colours. These garments varied in type; some were luxurious and adorned with gold, while others were simple and coarse, such as the attire of their monks who led an ascetic life, devoted solely to worship and nothing else.
Effect Of Adding Distillers' Corn With Dry Slurries (DDGS) On The Productive Efficiency Of Broiler Chicken
This study aims to study the effect of adding distillers' corn with dry slurries (DDGS) on production efficiency. 250 broiler chicks (Ross 308) were raised from 0-42 days old without distinguishing between males and females. During this study, 5 feed mixtures were formulated, consisting of yellow corn, soybean meal 46%, DDGS and other feed supplements. These mixtures were equal in terms of protein values and other feed supplements, and differed from each other in the presence of different percentages of DDGS, as they contained 5 levels of DDGS (0-5-10-15-20) %. The results of the experiment in the first week showed that the mixtures containing DDGS at (10-15-20) % led to a decrease in the weight of the chicks, while the groups that consumed DDGS at a concentration of (0 or 5%) had a higher feed conversion ratio than the other groups. At the end of the experiment, the birds that consumed DDGS at a percentage of (0, 5 or 10%) achieved a higher feed conversion ratio compared to the groups This study shows that the maximum level of DDGS used in the mix's ranges between 5-10%.